Ultra broadband decoupling methods: CHIRP,(1) WURST(2)

Recently, adiabatic pulse methods, such as CHIRP and WURST (Wideband, Uniform Rate,  and Smooth Truncation), are used for ultra broadband decoupling. These pulses can  invert magnetizations in extremely wide ranges by modulating phases of pulses, according to the following equation:

where k is a modulation rate, range (Hz)/pulse width (s), and t is an instantaneous time  during the pulse. CHIRP and WURST pulses, involving a parameter of the sweep width,  should be reconstructed depending on the measurement conditions. JNM-ECA series automati- cally generate shaped pulses from their definition, and so adiabatic pulses are created only  by giving the parameters. In WURST, the edges of the profile are smoothed by blunting  responses of both ends of the swept range. To realize this, the pulse is shaped like a  sausage (wurst in German) by modulating amplitudes as:

where -π/2 < βt < πt, and the order n specifies the steepness of the slope. The above  graph shows the amplitude modulation of n=20, while both ends become gradual as the  order decreases.
Actual WURST decoupling consists of MLEV4 composite pulses of Tycko and Pines’ 5-step  phase cycle, RR－R－R (R=SP₀ SP₁₅₀ SP₆₀ SP₁₅₀ SP₀), reaching the length of 20 pulse widths.  Figure 3 shows the WURST decoupling profile for 200 kHz range and 1 ms pulse width,  demonstrating approximately 150 kHz decoupling.  Thus, adiabatic pulses can decouple in

Reference

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